Rivers contains approximately 4 ppm of magnesium, marine algae 6000-20,000 ppm, and oysters 1200 ppm.ĭutch drinking water contains between 1 and 5 mg of magnesium per liter. After sodium, it is the most commonly found cation in oceans. Magnesium (Mg) and water Magnesium and water: reaction mechanisms, environmental impact and health effects Magnesium is present in seawater in amounts of about 1300 ppm. Separation and Concentration Purification Request.Plant Inspection & Process Optimalisation.Willitsch explains the experimental approach: “The better one can control the states of the molecules involved in a chemical reaction, the better the underlying mechanisms and dynamics of a reaction can be investigated and understood. These are ideal conditions to precisely prepare individual quantum states and define the energy content of the molecules, and to cause a controlled reaction between them. In their experiments, the researchers worked with molecules at very low temperatures close to absolute zero (about –273 ℃). Para-water is able to attract its reaction partner more strongly than the ortho-form, which leads to an increased chemical reactivity.” Computer simulations confirmed these experimental findings. As a result, different attractive forces act between the reaction partners. “This effect can be explained in terms of the nuclear spin also influencing the rotation of the water molecules. “It was demonstrated that para-water reacts about 25 per cent faster than ortho-water,” says Willitsch, who led the research. This reaction is also observed in the chemistry of interstellar space. During this process, a diazenylium ion transfers its proton to a water molecule. Using this approach, the researchers were able to initiate controlled reactions between the sorted water isomers and ultracold diazenylium ions (“protonated nitrogen”) held in a trap. “Para- and ortho-water get deflected differently, allowing us to separate them in space and obtain nearly pure para and ortho samples,” explains Küpper, who is also a member of the Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI. ![]() The separation of the two forms of water was made possible by an “electric prism” developed by CMI at the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL) at DESY: The scientists send an extremely thin jet of water molecules through a strong electric field. “Also, the molecules frequently collide with other molecules, causing nuclear spin orientations to change so that para- and ortho-water transform into one another,” adds co-author Professor Jochen Küpper from DESY and the University of Hamburg. “ Para- and ortho-water have almost identical physical properties which makes their separation particularly challenging,” explains Ardita Kilaj from the University of Basel, first author of the paper. To test this, the two isomers have to be separated. The Willitsch group at the University of Basel’s Department of Chemistry has investigated how the two forms of water differ in terms of their chemical reactivity – their ability to undergo a chemical reaction. Depending on whether the spins are aligned in the same or opposite direction, one refers to ortho- or para-water. The difference lies in the relative orientation of the nuclear spins of the two hydrogen atoms. It is less well known that water exists in two different forms (isomers) at the molecular level. ![]() From a chemical perspective, water is a molecule in which a single oxygen atom is linked to two hydrogen atoms.
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